INTRODUCTION

The term ‘Artificial Intelligence’ (‘AI’) was first used by Dartmouth College’s John McCarthy in 1956. There are several accepted definitions. One of the simplest (from Merriam-Webster) is: “The capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior” (although some would suggest that “intelligent human behavior” is a rather rare commodity). In fact, AI has now gone far further than just imitating human behavior – what it has done is to start by replicating the behavior, and then to learn to perform far better than any human can.

Some of the tasks that AI can now perform better than most (if not all) humans include:

• Visual perception (e.g. facial recognition, diagnostic imaging)
• Decision-making (e.g. autonomous vehicle operation)
• Language translation (starting in 1954 with English to Russian, and now encompassing over 100 languages)
• Game-playing (Chess in 1996 by IBM’s Deep Blue, Jeopardy in 2011 by IBM’s Watson, GO in 2016 by Google’s AlphaGo)
• General learning (e.g. selecting personal preferences)

AI involves software that implements a number of complex algorithms that may include processing massive amounts of data. It is used to control moving, physical devices, and these applications are referenced in this website as either Robotics (i.e. ground) or Drone (i.e. air; more precisely, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) Technologies.

AI impacts almost every job in every industry; so, in this technology section of the website, separate pages are assigned to those industries that are most impacted currently:

1. Agriculture
2. Health
3. Retail
4. Transport (Autonomous Vehicles only)

This page includes videos and articles that relate to AI generally. Industry usage that does not fall into the four assigned separate pages are included in the AI-Miscellaneous page.

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